Help:Hū secge ic/Human culture

Human culture

Disciplines and professions

Jobs

job (position) - ǣrend m
work - ƿeorc m
profession, skill - cræft m

administration - dihtung sf
1. administrator, directer - dihtere sm
art, craft - cræft sm, list sf
music - drēam sm, (the skill) drēamcræft sm
1. poetry - lēoþcræft sm
  1. poet - lēoþƿyrhta wm
2. composing - drēamƿrītung sf [nw. lit. "music-writing"]
  1. compose - ƿrītan 1 s drēam acc. sm. [np. lit. "write music"]
  2. composer - drēamƿrītere sm [nw. lit. "music-writer"]
3. painting - mētung sf
  1. paint - mētan 1 w
  2. painter - mētere sm
  3. picture - biliþ sn
literature - bōccræft sm
1. poetry - lēoþcræft sm
  1. poet - lēoþƿyrhta wm
2. scholar - bōcere sm
3. writing - ƿrītung sf
  1. writer, author - ƿrītere sm
    1. fiction writer - lēasspella gen. pl. sn ƿrītere sm
    2. historian - stǣrƿrītere
performer - fyllend sm
1. actor - scēaƿere sm
2. clown, jester - glīƿere sm
3. comedian - hleahtorsmiþ sm
4. dancer - (esp. ballet and other dance forms that use much leaping) hlēapere sm, (esp. of lively, hopping dances) hoppere sm, (quite general) sealticge sf
5. entertainer - feorm(i)end sm
6. minstrel (performing musician) - glēomann sm, glēohlēoðriend sm
7. musician - drēamere sm
8. performer - feormend sm
9. singer - sangere sm, lēoðere sm
political work - ƿealdscipisc [nw] ƿeorc n
1. politician - ƿealdsēcend m [nw]
  1. member of parliament - gemōtes gen. m. þegn m [np]
    1. president - foresittend sm
    2. prime minister - forma adj. þegn sm
religious work - gelēafful adj. ƿeorc sn
1. bishop - biscop sm
  1. archbishop - arcebiscop sm
2. missionary - (someone spreads message) boda wm, (someone who works for better) ƿelƿyrcend sm
3. monk - munuc sm
4. pope - pāpa wm
5. preacher - boda wm
6. priest - prēost sm
serving - þegnung sf
1. servant - þegn sm
  1. female servant, maid-servant, midwife - þīƿen
2. slave - þēoƿ sm
  1. female slave - þēoƿen sf
3. waiter - discþegn

circolƿyrðe [] m (-es/-as) analyst, accountant, actuary (who are nothing like an "electronic computer!")
plegere - player (of sports)
spærcleƿyrhta (neologism) - electrical engineer
þēodƿita [] m (-n/-n) 1. one of the wise men of a nation, one whose knowledge fits him for a place on the councils of the nation, senator; 2. a man of great wisdom or learning, a sage, learned man;; 2a. used of a poet; 2b. used of a historian or philosopher or man of science
ūþƿita - philosopher?
ƿordbōcmann - lexicographer

Government

burglēoda [] m (-n/-n) citizen; burgmann [] m (-es/-menn) citizen
burhrǣden [] f (-ne/-na) citizenship
scīr [] f (-e/-a) 1. office, appointment, charge, authority, supremacy, business, administration, government; 1a. where the term refers to an English official; 2. a district, province, shire, as an ecclesiastical term diocese, parish, see; 2a. the people of a district, a tribe; 2b. a hut; 3. as a technical English term, a shire; 3a. the people of a shire, the community inhabiting a shire;

ƿyrhtan rihtƿrit n patent (neologism)

cyneƿīse f - the state, republic, commonwealth
cynelic - adj - public (as opposed to private, school, etc.)
folcrīce - n - democracy?

Foreign relations

ǣrendraca [] m (-n/-n) messenger, apostle, ambassador, angel; representative, substitute, proxy

Executive

foresittend - president
gerēfa, earlier girǣfa, of uncertain etym.; app. not in any way related to the continental forms cited under GRAF, GRAVE n.3 and n.4 Old Northumbrian had also the form grǣfa whence GRIEVE n.]

1. Hist. a. An Old English official of high rank having a local jurisdiction under the king; the chief magistrate of a town or district. Also, in OE., applied to prefects, governors, etc., of Roman and Jewish times.

On the position of the gerēfa in OE. times see Kemble Saxons in England (1876) II. v. 151-181; and cf. the articles on BOROUGH-REEVE, PORTREEVE, and SHERIFF. Modern writers have sometimes used the OE. form of the word. -- OED [=director of an executive agency?]

gerǣsƿa, an; m. [rǣsƿa, a chief] A chief, prince; dux, princeps :-- Cymeþ engla gerǣsƿa the prince of angels cometh, Salm. Kmbl. 223; Sal. 111. [=governor?]
gerēfmann [] m (-es/-menn) official, courtier
gerēfscipe [] m (-es/-as) reeve’s office, stewardship; consulate
gerēfscīr [] f (-e/-a) steward’s office, prefecture
rǣdbora [] m (-n/-n) advisor, counselor; (Roman) consul
þegn [] m (-es/-as) 1. servant, one who does service for another, minister, retainer, vassal, follower, disciple; freeman, master (as opposed to slave); courtier, noble (official, as distinguished from hereditary); 2 military attendant, warrior, hero; 2. where the service is of a public or official character, an officer, minister;
ƿealdend m ruler (often used for God, but see burgƿealda below)

Judicial

dēma [] m (-an/-an) judge
gerēfærn [] n (-es/-) court-house
sprǣcærn [] n (-es/-) a place for speaking, courthouse

Parliament or Congress

mōt [] 1. 1 (usu ge~) n (-es/-) moot (gemot), society, assembly, court, council, synod; ge~ ƿyrcan to take counsel; litigation; ge~ conflict, encounter;
gemōtmann [] m (-es/-menn) orator, counselor

mōtbeorh1 [] m (-bēores/-bēoras) hill of meeting
mōtgerēfa [] m (-n/-n) moot-reeve, chairman of a moot
mōthūs1 [] n (-es/-) moot-hall, place of assembly

gerǣdnes, -rǣdnis, -rǣdnys, -ness, e; f. An ordinance, a decree, purpose, an intention, a resolution, condition; consultum :-- Ðis is seō geræ-acute;dnys ðe Eādgār cyng geræ-acute;dde this is the ordinance that king Eadgar ordained, L. Edg. i. pref; Th. i. 262, 2: L. E. G. pref; Th. i. 166, 5: L. Ath. v. pref; Th. i. 228, 6: L. Eth. vi. 1, 2, 3; Th. i. 314, 2, 12, 19: Cod. Dipl. ii. 150, 33: Th. Chart. 168, 27. In ðas gerēdnisse on this condition, 104, 20. [Cf. Goth. ga-raideins an ordinance.]
citizen [] ceasterbūend m, portƿer m, portƿeora m; ~s āðolƿare m pl; ~s ceasterlēode n pl, ceastersǣtan m pl, ceastersǣte m pl

Lords/Senate

ƿita1 [] m (-n/-n) sage, philosopher, wise man, adviser, councilor, elder, senator;
ƿitenagemōt n

senatus [] m? (-es/-as) the senate, senators; pl senatas; dat senatum; senator is also used, but generally ƿītan is employed to denote the senators;
sprǣchūs [] n (-es/-) 1. senate-house, curia, a house for speaking; 1a. auditorium; 1b. a place in which the monastic school was held; 2. guest-quarters (in a monastery), a place in monastery for the reception of guests;
rǣdgift [] f (-e/-a) the office of consul, the consulate or consulship [consulatus], the council of the elders, the Senate, council of state, body of senators [senatus]

ealdor [] 1. m (-es/-as) elder; chief, governor, leader
rǣdbora [] m (-n/-n) advisor, counselor; (Roman) consul
þēodƿita [] m (-n/-n) 1. one of the wise men of a nation, one whose knowledge fits him for a place on the councils of the nation, senator; 2. a man of great wisdom or learning, a sage, learned man;; 2a. used of a poet; 2b. used of a historian or philosopher or man of science
duguþ m - senate, in the sense of the people who make it up

House of Commons/Representatives

lēodstefn [] m (-es/-as) assembly
burgƿealda m burgess

gespelia - representative, thus gespecilanhūs
spala [] m (-n/-n) substitute, representative
spelian [] wv/t2 3rd pres spelaþ past spelode ptp gespelod to be substitute for, represent, to act as the representative of another, take or stand in, the place of another;
speliend [] m (-es/-) substitute, representative, vicar
speling [] f (-e/-a) deputyship, the taking the place of another, the acting as a representative of another;
spelung [] f (-e/-a) deputyship, the taking the place of another, the acting as a representative of another;
speliendhūs seems the best looking to me.

Regional

scīr [] f (-e/-a) 1. office, appointment, charge, authority, supremacy, business, administration, government; 1a. where the term refers to an English official; 2. a district, province, shire, as an ecclesiastical term diocese, parish, see; 2a. the people of a district, a tribe; 2b. a hut; 3. as a technical English term, a shire; 3a. the people of a shire, the community inhabiting a shire;
scīrƿita [] m (-n/-n) chief man of a shire
scīrgemōt [] n (-es/-) shire-moot, a meeting of the duly qualified men of a shire

The Town

burgealdor m mayor
burggemōt n town-meeting, meeting of townspeople
burgmann m resident
burgsæl2 [] n (-es/-salu) city-hall, house
burgscipe m municipality
burgƿealda m citizen, burgess
burgƿita m town-councillor or city-councillor

Clothing

cloth - cloþ n
garment - hrægel n

dress - brǣdels m, hrægel n
shirt - hemeðe n
1. sleeve - slēf f
2. T-shirt - sceortslēfed hemeðe n [new phrase]
skirt, kilt - scyrte wf
trousers, pants - brōc i-mut. f
1. shorts - sceorthosed brōc i-mut. f [new phrase]

Human body and bodily necessities

-See also Life

Food and drink

drink - drinc m
food - fōda wm, ǣt n
edible - etendlic [nw]
to drink - drican 3s
to eat - etan 5s

food - fōda wm
1. dairy produce - meolcmete m [nw]
  1. butter - butter f
  2. cheese - cīese m
  3. cream - flēt f
  4. curds - calƿer m
  5. ice-cream - īsflēt f [nw]
  6. milk - meolc f
2. meat - flǣscmete m
3. plant - ƿyrte wf
  1. fruit - ƿæstm m
    1. avocado - grēnheorte wf [nw]
    2. berry - berige wf [same word also used for grape - perhaps could specify grape as "ƿīnberige"]
      1. strawberry - strēaƿberige wf
    3. citrus fruit - sūrƿyrt sf [nw]
      1. grapefruit - goldclīeƿen sn [nw]
      2. lemon - fealunwæstm m [nw]
      3. mandarin - sƿētrēada wm [nw]
      4. orange - fȳrheorte wf [nw]
      5. tangerine - rēadel sn [nw]
    4. plantain (the fruit) - brādƿyrtaƿæstm m [nw]
      1. banana - geolubūgel sn [nw. lit "yellow-bent")
  2. grain - corn sn
    1. barley - berecorn n, bærlic m
    2. maize - Ƿīnlendisc corn sn [nw lit. "American corn"]
    3. oat - āte wf
    4. rice - ƿætercorn sn [nw lit. "water-grain"]
    5. rye - ryge sm
    6. wheat - hƿǣt sm
  3. vegetable - ƿyrte wf
    1. (edible) root - moru sf
      1. carrot - feldmoru sf [they didn't have orange carrots back then - perhaps could specify with "geolurēad"]
      2. parsnip - feldmoru sf [perhaps could specify with "hƿīt"]
      3. potato - eorþæppel sm [nw based on German and Dutch]

Structures

to build - timbrian 2w

structure - timber sm
1. building - bold sn
  1. hall - sæl sn, ræced sm/n
  2. house - hūs sn
  3. tower - stīepel sm
    1. ski-scraper - hēah adj stīepel sm
arch - boga sm
1. bridge - brycg sf

Religion/Spirituality

god - god n
1. God (of monotheistic belief system) - God m
2. goddess - gyden f
belief - gelēafa m
1. religion - gelēafadōm m [neologism], halignis f, þēodness f
devil - dēofol m/n, scucca m
1. demon - fēond m, hildedēofol m/n, (goblin/goblin-like creature) pūcel/pūca m, scucca m
spirituality - gǣstedōm m
1. spirit - gāst m
2. spiritual - gāstlic
theism - godgelēafa m
1. deism - feorgodgelēafa m [neologism], gelēafa þæt god ne ƿyrceþ betƿeox mannum m
2. monotheism - āngodgelēafa m [neologism], gelēafa of ānum Gode m
3. paganism - hǣðenscipe m
4. pantheism - eallgodgelēafa m [neologism], gelēafa þæt eall is god m
5. polytheism - maniggodgelēafa m [neologism], gelēafa of manigum godum m

Religions/Spiritualities

1. Buddhism - Būddendōm m [neologism]

Buddha - Būdda m [rendered as Anglo-Saxon pronunciation]

2. Christianity - Crīstendōm m

Bible - Biblioþēce f
1. New Testament - Nīƿe Ǣ f, Nīƿe Gecyþnis f
2. Old Testament - Eald Ǣ f, Eald Gecyþnis f
denomination - gelēafincel n [neologism], cirice f [new usage?]
1. Catholicism - Rēmisc Cirice f (the English Christians of the Anglo-Saxon period did not have much of a conception of different denominations, partly because there were very few; and Catholicism was more or less the national denomination of Christianity in England - to put it short, this is a "new" phrase)
2. Protestantism - Nīwodlic Cirice f (neologism)
  1. Baptist Church - Fulliende Cirice f (neologism)
  2. Presbyterian Church - Eoldorscipisc Cirice f (neologism)
disciple - gingra m, discipul m
God - God m
1. God the Father - (se) Hēahfæder m, (se) Dryhten m
2. (the) Holy Ghost/Spirit - (se) Hālig(a) Gāst m
3. Jesus - Iesus m
4. (the) Logos - (se) Rǣd m
5. (the) Lord - (se) Dryhten m
6. (the) Rhema - (þæt) Gāstlic(e) Andgit
7. (the) Trinity - (sēo) Þrīnis f, (se) Þrīhād m

3. Hinduism - Hindendōm m [neologism]

god - god n
1. goddess - gyden f

4. Islam - Alladōm m [neologism]

God - God m
1. Allah - Alla m [the Anglo-Saxons had no native word for Allah]
Koran - Coran m [the Anglo-Saxon people were not very aware of Islam, and, as far as I know, had no word for the Koran, so I have just replaced the K in Modern English with the more common Old English-wise C]

5. Judaism - Iudēadōm m [neologism]

God - God m
1. Yahweh - Iaƿē m [phoneticization of Yahƿeh]
Hebrews - Hebrēas m plural
1. Hebrew [adjective] - Hebrēisc
2. Hebrew (language) - Hebrēisc
3. Hebrew (person) - Hebrēisc mann m, Hebrēisc wīf f
Jews - Iudēas m plural
1. Jew - Iudēisc m
2. Jewish - Iudēisc
Tanakh - Tanah m [phoneticization of Tanakh]

Sports

ball - se ball ^[1]
capacity (for a stadium) - sēo (lēoda)andefen
championship - se ċeampscipe
coach - se (hēafod)ƿita (it's a loose term, but still)
competition - se camp
confederation (across several nations, such as UEFA) - se þoftscipe
conference (eastern/western) - se underþoftscipe, se/þæt oferdǣl
defense - se scield, þæt ȝebeorg
division - se/þæt dǣl
equipment - sēo ȝearƿe (gear)
field/pitch - se feld
football - fōtball
- association football (soccer) - clīeƿenfōtball
foul (violation) - se bryċe, sēo misdǣd
goal - þæt gōl ^[2]
hockey - hōciȝ (untranslatable)
level/tier - þæt emnet
lose - feallan
loss/defeat - se fyl (fall)
match (individual game occurrence) - se mæcca
national - rīċisc
offense - sēo þracu (kind of a stretch...)
pads - sēo beorge (protection)
practice - ȝearƿian
puck - se pucca
rank(ing) - se hād
referee/umpire - se ƿeard (keeper, warden)
rink/ring - se hring ^[3]
score - þæt tæl (noun form of tellan, to count/tally)
season - se tīma
sport - se pleȝa, sēo indryhtu (Icelandic, Swedish), þæt indryhtegamen ("gamen" is too ambiguous), se sport (the whole planet uses it...)
sports complex - se indryhteȝeard
stadium - se spyrd
team - se tēam ^[4]
tie/draw - þæt efentæl (even number)
- members - þā menn (gender neutral)
win/victory - se siȝe
win (verb) - ȝeƿinnan, siȝe niman

[1] ttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ball

[2] ttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goal

[3] ttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rink

[4] ttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=team

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