Oþomanisce Rīce
Þæt Oþomanisce Rīce (in hiere agansprǣce دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه oððe Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye) ƿæs rīce on þrim ƿorulddǣlum of ðara Middelyldum oð his ende on 1923, forþæm þe his landrīce onƿeag land in ƿesternum Asie, ēasternum Europan and on norþernum Affrice. Oft hātt man þis rīce þæt Turcisc Rīce oððe Turcland.
Þæs rīce ƿæs be Turciscum mægþum gestaðoled under Osman Brego in þæm norþƿesterdæl þære Lǣssum Asie in 1299.[1]
Constaninopoles feoll
adihtanIn 1453 feall þā caserelice ceastre Constantinopolis, be Mehmed II anām, and mid sƿylcum sige ƿeard þæs rīce casererīce. Þæt rīce ƿæs æt his hēaste ylde in 1590, æt sƿylcum dæg onƿrag hit micel landscipe on Asie, Europan and Affrice. His bregas þæs Oþoman cynecynn læstedon for 623 ƿintrum, of Mǣdmōnaþ in 1299.
Se Bryttsca stǣrƿritere Eadƿeard Gibbon ƿrāt:
- "Hit ƿæs on þæm seofen and tƿeontigoþ dæge in Mǣdmōnaþ in þæm geare tƿelf hund nigon and nigontig þæs Cristen ylde þe Oþoman ærrste onsƿog þone landrīce Nicomedie…"[2]
Of þæm þinge secgð man þe sƿylce dæg is þæs rīces staþoldæd. Hit læstede oþ 1. Blōtmōnaþe in 1922, þær ƿæs Turcena cynedōm gedielegd.[3]
Þa hēan dagan þæs rīces
adihtanIn þæm 16. and 17. gearhundum ƿæs þæt Oþomanisce Rīce micel rīce and ƿæs ān þæm rīcostan rīcum and mihtigostan on middangearde, and his hēast yld ƿæs in Suleimanes cynedōme þæs hāt man Se Mǣrlica. Hit ƿæs rīce geond manigum þēodum, mid manigum gereordum se belæg of Germanie sūþernum gemæro and Uigennan ecge. Andlang þæs rīces mearcum ƿæron Cynelice Ungerland (se is nū Slofacia) and Polaland be norþen and Gemen and Æriþrea be sūðen. His landrīce ƿæs of Algerie in his ƿestdæle oþ Azerbaicgan in his ēastdæle[4] and manig rīciu ofer þās landum geafon gafol.
Æt þæs 17. gearhundes ongyne hæfde þæt Oþomanisce Rīce tū and þritig underrīce and missenlice gerēfland, hƿærof cƿōmon sum in þæt rīce. Ēac hƿīlƿendlice gestrynde þæt rīce ƿeald ofer feorrum landum ofersæ þurh meldum for þæs Oþoman Breges holdscipe and his Æftergengan, to bysene se meld be þæm Aceh Brego in 1565, or þurh hƿīlƿendlicum ǣhte of īegum sƿa sƿa Lansarote in þæm garsecge in 1585.[5]
Ceapung
adihtanÞæs rīces hēafodstōl ƿæs Constantinopolis and hit hæfde micel ƿeald ymbe Ƿendelsǣ and þȳ ƿæs þæt Oþomanisce Rīce æt cēapunge and folcmittunge nafelan betƿeonum þæm ēastdæle and þæm ƿestdæle þære ƿorulde for siexe hund ƿintrum.
Ende þæs rīces
adihtanIn Ƿinterfylleþ in 1923 sæt se Micla Þēodmōt of Turcland in Ancyran and onmelded the establishment of Turcland þā Cyneƿīsan and be þssum naman ended þæt Turcena rīce þæt Oþomanisce Rīce. Se bregodōm ƿæs gedielgod on 1. Blōtmōnaþ 1922 and se endmesta brego, be naman Mehmed VI, forlæt Constantinopolis on þǣm 17. dæge þæs ilcan monþes. His brodor abad be titul Calif' oððe Æftergenga, se ƿæs Mahometmanna hēafod ac sƿylce ƿæs þēos gesetnes gedielgod on 3. Hreþmonaþ 1924 and his scīr þæm Miclan Þēodmōte gegiefen.
Naman
adihtanIn þæm Turcan gereorde þæs Oþomaniscum hired ƿæs þæs rīces nama Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), oððe by oþre naman Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى). Of þæm 19. gearhunde ƿeard se nama Osmanlı Devleti (Ottomanrīce) ƿeard gecenned on his burgmannum and ambehtum.</ref> In todæges Turcisc sprǣce secgþ man for þæm ealdum rīce Osmanlı Devleti oððe Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, sƿa sƿa on Niƿenglisc sæd man Turkish Empire (se is se Turcisce Rīce) oððe Turkey (Turcland).[6]
Glēsing
adihtan- ↑ Encyclopedia Britannica - Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia
- ↑ (Gibbon, Edward: The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire)
- ↑ Temel Britannica, Ana Yayıncılık-Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1992, Cilt 18, Sh. 41–96; Türkiye. ISBN 975-7760-02-1
- ↑ Stephen Turnbull, The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699, Essential histories, vol. 62, Essential histories, 2003. [from article of the back cover]
- ↑ Turciscan Scipheres webbsted: "Atlantik'te Türk Denizciliği"
- ↑ Biliþ:The_London_Gazzette_(Thursday,_9_January_1672).jpg
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