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Líne 1:
This article applies to the Younger Futhark, or the alphabet used by the Anglo -Saxons prior to the adoption of the Latin Alphabetalphabet. When you see that the rune ᛝ stands for "ng", that means that when you write "þing," you could replace that with ᚦᛁᛝ in runes.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! scope="col" | Rune
<table border="1">
! scope="col" | Name
<tr>
! scope="col" | Meaning of name
<td>Rune</td>
! scope="col" | IPA
<td>Name</td>
! scope="col" | Latin<br/>equivalent
<td>[[IPA]] value</td>
|-
<td>Approx. English sound, when long, front, between voiced sounds</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚠ
<td>Approx. English sound, when short, back, front/end of words</td>
| féoh
<td>Latin equivalent</td>
| "livestock, wealth"
</tr>
| [f]
<tr>
| f, v
<td>ᚠ</td>
|-
<td>féoh</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚢ
<td>[[IPA: a|a]]</td>
| ur
<td>slee'''v'''e</td>
| "aurochs"
<td>'''f'''ee</td>
| [u(ː)]
<td>F</td>
| u
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚦ ᚧ
<td>ᚢ</td>
| thorn, þorn
<td>ur</td>
| "thorn" ("giant"?)
<td>([[IPA: ʦ|ʦ]])</td>
| [θ], [ð]
<td>f'''oo'''d</td>
| th, þ, ð
<td>p'''u'''t</td>
|-
<td>U</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚩ
</tr>
| os
<tr>
| "a god"
<td>ᚦ</td>
| [o(ː)]
<td>thorn</td>
| ó, o
<td>[[IPA: b|b]]</td>
|-
<td>see'''th'''e</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚱ
<td>'''th'''ink</td>
| rád
<td>TH</td>
| "ride, journey"
</tr>
| [r]
<tr>
| r
<td>ᚩ</td>
|-
<td>os</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚳ
<td>[[IPA: d|d]]</td>
| cén
<td>b'''oa'''t</td>
| "torch"
<td>n'''o'''t</td>
| [k], [c], [tʃ]
<td>O</td>
| c, ċ
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚷ
<td>ᚱ</td>
| giefu
<td>rád</td>
| "gift"
<td>mute</td>
| [g], [ɣ], [ʎ], [j]
<td>-</td>
| g, ȝ, ᵹ
<td>-</td>
|-
<td>R</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚹ
</tr>
| wynn
<tr>
| "joy"
<td>ᚳ</td>
| [w]
<td>cén</td>
| w, ƿ
<td>[[IPA: e|e]]</td>
|-
<td>German: M'''ee'''r </td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚻ
<td>g'''e'''t</td>
| hægl
<td>C</td>
| "hail" (precipitation)
</tr>
| [h], [x]
<tr>
| h
<td>ᚷ</td>
|-
<td>giefu</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚾ
<td>[[IPA: f|f]]</td>
| nyd
<td>'''y'''es</td>
| "need, hardship"
<td>?</td>
| [n]
<td>G</td>
| n
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛁ
<td>ᚹ</td>
| ís
<td>wynn</td>
| "ice"
<td>[[IPA: g|g]]</td>
| [i(ː)]
<td>'''g'''et</td>
| i
<td>?</td>
|-
<td>W</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛄ
</tr>
| géar
<tr>
| "year, harvest"
<td>ᚻ</td>
| [j]
<td>hægl</td>
| j
<td>[[IPA: h|h]]</td>
|-
<td>'''h'''ouse</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛇ
<td>same</td>
| ēoh
<td>N</td>
| "yew"
</tr>
| [eːo]
<tr>
| ēo
<td>ᛁ</td>
|-
<td>ís</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛈ
<td>[[IPA: i|i]]</td>
| peorð
<td>f'''ee'''d</td>
| (unknown)
<td>s'''i'''t</td>
| [p]
<td>I</td>
| p
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛉ
<td>ᛄ</td>
| eolh(?)
<td>géar</td>
| "elk"(?)
<td>-</td>
| [ks](?)
<td>Spanish m'''uy'''</td>
| x
<td>?</td>
|-
<td>J</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛋ
</tr>
| sigel
<tr>
| "sun"
<td>ᛇ</td>
| [s]
<td>eoh</td>
| s
<td>[[IPA: j|j]]</td>
|-
<td>'''y'''es</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛏ
<td>?</td>
| tír
<td>Eo</td>
| Tiw (a god)
</tr>
| [t]
<tr>
| T
<td>ᛈ</td>
|-
<td>peorth</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛒ
<td>[[IPA: k|k]]</td>
| beorc
<td>'''k'''ey</td>
| "birch, poplar"
<td>?</td>
| [b]
<td>P</td>
| b
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛖ
<td>ᛉ</td>
| eh, eoh
<td>eolh</td>
| "horse"
<td>[[IPA: l|l]]</td>
| [e(ː)]
<td>'''l'''ok</td>
| e
<td>?</td>
|-
<td>X</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛗ
</tr>
| mann
<tr>
| "man, human"
<td>ᛋ</td>
| [m]
<td>sigel</td>
| m
<td>[[IPA: m|m]]</td>
|-
<td>'''m'''oon</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛚ
<td>?</td>
| lagu
<td>S</td>
| "ocean, sea"
</tr>
| [l]
<tr>
| L
<td>ᛏ</td>
|-
<td>tír</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛝ
<td>[[IPA: n|n]]</td>
| ing
<td>'''n'''o</td>
| Ing (a hero)
<td>?</td>
| [ŋ]
<td>T</td>
| ng, ŋ
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛟ
<td>ᛒ</td>
| éðel
<td>beorc</td>
| "heritage, estate"
<td>[[IPA: o|o]]</td>
| [eː], [ø(ː)]
<td>German: B'''o'''te</td>
| œ, oe, ōe
<td>h'''o'''t</td>
|-
<td>B</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛞ
</tr>
| dæg
<tr>
| "day"
<td>ᛖ</td>
| [d]
<td>eh</td>
| d
<td>-</td>
|-
<td>th'''ou'''gh</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚪ
<td>German: K'''ö'''ln</td>
| ác
<td>E</td>
| "oak"
</tr>
| [ɑ(ː)]
<tr>
| a
<td>ᛗ</td>
|-
<td>mann</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚫ
<td>[[IPA: p|p]]</td>
| æsc
<td>'''p'''ay</td>
| "ash" (tree)
<td>?</td>
| [æ(ː)]
<td>M</td>
| æ
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚣ
<td>ᛚ</td>
| yr
<td>lagu</td>
| (unknown)
<td>[[IPA: r|r]]</td>
| [y(ː)]
<td>-</td>
| Y
<td>-</td>
|-
<td>L</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛠ
</tr>
| éar
<tr>
| "grave"
<td>ᛝ</td>
| [æ(ː)ɑ]
<td>ing</td>
| ea, æa
<td>[[IPA: s|s]]</td>
|-
<td>'''s'''et</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛡ
<td>?</td>
| ior
<td>ng</td>
| "eel"
</tr>
| [jo]
<tr>
| io
<td>ᛟ</td>
|-
<td>éthel</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛤ
<td>[[IPA: t|t]]</td>
| cealc
<td>'''t'''ea</td>
| (unknown)
<td>?</td>
| [tʃ]
<td>Œ, É</td>
| ch
</tr>
|-
<tr>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛣ
<td>ᛞ</td>
| calc
<td>dæg</td>
| "chalice"
<td>[[IPA: u|u]]</td>
| [k]
<td>f'''oo'''d</td>
| k
<td>p'''u'''t</td>
|-
<td>D</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᚸ
</tr>
| gar
<tr>
| "spear"
<td>ᚪ</td>
| [g]
<td>ac</td>
| g
<td>-</td>
|-
<td>f'''a'''ther</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛢ
<td>n'''o'''t</td>
| cweorth
<td>A</td>
| (unknown)
</tr>
| [kw]
<tr>
| cw
<td>ᚫ</td>
|-
<td>aesc</td>
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%;" | ᛥ
<td>[[IPA: v|v]]</td>
| stán
<td>'''ai'''r</td>
| "stone"
<td>h'''a'''t</td>
| [st]
<td>Æ</td>
| st
</tr>
|}
<tr>
<td>ᚣ</td>
<td>yr</td>
<td>[[IPA: i|i]]</td>
<td>gr'''ü'''n</td>
<td>m'''ü'''tter</td>
<td>Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᛠ</td>
<td>éar</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>ǽ+a</td>
<td>æ+a</td>
<td>EA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᛡ</td>
<td>ior</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>y'''ea'''h</td>
<td>h'''a'''t</td>
<td>IO</td>
</tr>ᛤ
<tr>
<td>ᛤ</td>
<td>cealc</td>
<td>[[IPA: ø|ø]]</td>
<td>'''ch'''ild</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>CH</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᛣ</td>
<td>calc</td>
<td>[[IPA: ø|ø]]</td>
<td>'''k'''ing</td>
<td></td>
<td>K</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᚸ</td>
<td>gar</td>
<td>[[IPA: ø|ø]]</td>
<td>'''g'''old</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>G</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᛢ</td>
<td>cweorth</td>
<td>[[IPA: ø|ø]]</td>
<td>'''qu'''een</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>CW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᛥ</td>
<td>stán</td>
<td>[[IPA: ø|ø]]</td>
<td>'''st'''one</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>ST</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
 
Other runes:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Rune</td>
<td>Name</td>
<td>[[IPA]] value</td>
<td>Approx. English sound, when long, front, between voiced sounds</td>
<td>Approx. English sound, when short, back, front/end of words</td>
<td>Latin equivalent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ᚧ</td>
<td>thorn</td>
<td>[[IPA: a|a]]</td>
<td>'''th'''ink</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>TH</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
Punctuation: Single dot ᛫ ; double dot ᛬ ; cross punctuation ᛭ ;
Fram "https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipǣdia:How_to_write_using_Runes" begeten