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'''iPad''' is tēam bredspearctellenda þā sind mearcode, forðode, and cīepde fram [[Apple Inc.]] mǣst tō tōle þurh þone þe mann cann scēawian and hīeran missenendebyrdnessa. His micelness and wiht is betweox þǣm [[searusprecend]]um and þǣm [[bearmspearctellend]]um. Þæt iPad brȳcþ þā ilcan weorcendebyrdnesse þe [[iPod Touch]] and [[iPhone]] brūcaþ - and cann brūcan his āgnan tōlas and iPhone tōlas ēac. Lēas awendunge, and būton fēawum webbsīdum, hit synderlīce brȳcþ weorcgewritu þā Appel inc. hafaþ gecoren.
'''iPad''' (/ˈaɪpæd/ '''''eye'''-pad'') is an iOS-based line of tablet computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPad was released on April 3, 2010; the most recent iPad models, the iPad Air 2 and iPad Mini 3, were released on October 22, 2014. The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard. The iPad includes built-in Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity on select models. As of April 2015, there have been over 250 million iPads sold.<sup>[7]</sup>
[[Flocc:Spearctellendas]]
An iPad can shoot video, take photos, play music, and perform Internet functions such as web-browsing and emailing. Other functions—games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, etc.—can be enabled by downloading and installing apps. As of October 2013, the App Store has more than 475,000 native apps by Apple and third parties.<sup>[18]</sup>
There have been six versions of the iPad. The first generation established design precedents, such as the 9.7-inch screen size and button placement, that have persisted through all models. The iPad 2 introduced a whole new design which also added a dual core Apple A5 processor and VGA front-facing and 720p rear-facing cameras designed for FaceTime video calling, and dramatically reduced the thickness of the device. The third generation added a Retina Display, the new Apple A5X processor with a quad-core graphics processor, a 5-megapixel camera, HD 1080p video recording, voice dictation, and 4G (LTE).. The fourth generation added theApple A6X processor and replaces the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector. The iPad Air added the Apple A7 processor and the Apple M7 motion coprocessor, and reduced the thickness for the first time since the iPad 2. The iPad Air 2 added the Apple A8X processor, the Apple M8 motion coprocessor, a 8-megapixel camera, and the Touch ID fingerprint sensor, and further reduced the thickness.
There have been three versions of the iPad Mini. The first generation features a reduced screen size of 7.9 inches and features similar internal specifications as the iPad 2 except it uses the Lightning connector. The iPad Mini 2features the Retina Display, the Apple A7 processor and the Apple M7 motion coprocessor, closely matching the internals specifications of the iPad Air. The iPad Mini 3 features the Touch ID fingerprint sensor.
In the last quarter of 2013, there were 26 million iPads sold, an Apple record, compared to 22.9 million in the last quarter of 2012 and 21.42 million in the last quarter of 2014.<sup>[19][20]</sup>
== Contents ==
[hide]
* 1 History
* 2 Hardware
** 2.1 Screen and input
** 2.2 Audio and output
** 2.3 Battery
** 2.4 Storage
** 2.5 Cellular connectivity
** 2.6 Accessories
* 3 Software
** 3.1 Interface
** 3.2 Multimedia
** 3.3 Internet connectivity
** 3.4 Applications
** 3.5 iBooks
* 4 Model comparison
** 4.1 iPad series
** 4.2 iPad Mini series
* 5 Restrictions
** 5.1 Digital rights management
** 5.2 Jailbreaking
** 5.3 Censorship
* 6 Reception
** 6.1 Reaction to the announcement
** 6.2 Reviews
** 6.3 Recognition
* 7 Usage
** 7.1 Business
** 7.2 Education and healthcare
** 7.3 Consumer usage
* 8 Timeline
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links
== History ==
Steve Jobs, Apple's then<abbr>CEO</abbr>, introducing the iPad.
Apple's first tablet from 1993
Apple co-founder Steve Jobs said in a 1983 speech:<sup>[21]</sup>
Apple's first tablet computer was the Newton MessagePad 100,<sup>[22][23]</sup> introduced in 1993, powered by an ARM6processor core developed by ARM, a 1990 spinout of Acorn Computers in which Apple invested. Apple also developed a prototype PowerBook Duo based tablet, the PenLite, but decided not to sell it in order to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.<sup>[24]</sup> Apple released several more Newton-based PDAs; the final one, the MessagePad 2100, was discontinued in 1998.
Apple re-entered the mobile-computing markets in 2007 with the iPhone. Smaller than the iPad, but featuring a camera and mobile phone, it pioneered the multi-touch finger-sensitive touchscreen interface of Apple's iOSmobile operating system. By late 2009, the iPad's release had been rumored for several years. Such speculation mostly talked about "Apple's tablet"; specific names included ''iTablet'' and ''iSlate''.<sup>[25]</sup> The iPad was announced on January 27, 2010, by Steve Jobs at an Apple press conference at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.<sup>[26][27]</sup>
He later said that Apple had begun developing the iPad before the iPhone,<sup>[28][29]</sup> but had temporarily shelved the effort upon realizing that its ideas would work just as well in a mobile phone.<sup>[30]</sup> The iPad's internal codename was K48, which was revealed in the court case surrounding leaking of iPad information before launch.<sup>[31]</sup>
Apple began taking pre-orders for the first-generation iPad on March 12, 2010.<sup>[3]</sup> The only major change to the device between its announcement and being available to pre-order was the change of the behavior of the side switch to perform either sound muting or screen rotation locking (user selectable).<sup>[32]</sup> The Wi-Fi version of the iPad went on sale in the United States on April 3, 2010.<sup>[3][33]</sup> The Wi-Fi + 3G version was released on April 30.<sup>[3][4][4]</sup> 3G service in the United States is provided by AT&T and was initially sold with two prepaid contract-free data plan options: one for unlimited data and the other for 250 MB per month at half the price.<sup>[34][35]</sup> On June 2, 2010, AT&T announced that effective June 7 the unlimited plan would be replaced for new customers with a 2 GB plan at slightly lower cost; existing customers would have the option to keep the unlimited plan.<sup>[36]</sup> The plans are activated on the iPad itself and can be cancelled at any time.<sup>[37]</sup>
Initially, the iPad was only available to order at the Apple Store, but has since become available for purchase through retailers including Amazon, Walmart, and network operators. The iPad was launched in countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom on May 28.<sup>[38][39]</sup> Online pre-orders in those countries began on May 10.<sup>[4]</sup> Apple released the iPad in Hong Kong, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore on July 23, 2010.<sup>[40][41][42]</sup> Israel briefly prohibited importation of the iPad because of concerns that its Wi-Fi might interfere with other devices.<sup>[43]</sup> On September 17, 2010, the iPad was officially launched in China.<sup>[44]</sup>
300,000 iPads were sold on their first day of availability.<sup>[45]</sup> By May 3, 2010, Apple had sold a million iPads;<sup>[46]</sup> this was in half the time it took Apple to sell the same number of first-generation iPhones.<sup>[47]</sup> After passing the one million mark they continued selling rapidly reaching 3 million sales after 80 days.<sup>[48]</sup> During the October 18, 2010, financial conference call, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had sold more iPads than Macs for the fiscal quarter.<sup>[49]</sup> In total, Apple sold more than 15 million first-generation iPads prior to the launch of the iPad 2.<sup>[50]</sup> — selling more than all other tablet PCs combined since the iPad's release.<sup>[51]</sup> and reaching 75% of tablet PC sales at the end of 2010.<sup>[52]</sup>
Jobs unveiled the iPad 2 at a March 2, 2011, press conference.<sup>[53][54]</sup> About 33% thinner than its predecessor and 15% lighter, the iPad 2 has a better processor, a dual core Apple A5 that Apple says is twice as fast as its predecessor for CPU operations and up to nine times as fast for GPU operations. The iPad 2 includes front and back cameras that support the FaceTime videophone application, as well as a three-axis gyroscope. It retained the original's 10‑hour battery life and had a similar pricing scheme.
The successor to the iPad 2 was unveiled on March 7, 2012, by Apple <abbr>CEO</abbr> Tim Cook at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts.<sup>[55][56]</sup> The new iPad contained a new dual core A5X processor with quad-core graphics, and a Retina Display with a resolution of 2048 by 1536 pixels,<sup>[57]</sup> more than 50 percent more pixels than a standard 1,920 by 1,080 high definition <abbr>TV</abbr> screen. A brief controversy erupted when it was revealed that the LTE advertised did not work in some countries.<sup>[58]</sup>
On October 23, 2012, Apple announced the fourth generation iPad, which began shipping on November 2, 2012. The new hardware includes an A6X processor, HD FaceTime camera, improved LTE compatibility, and the all-digital Lightning connector. It is available in the same storage increments and pricing structure as the third generation.<sup>[59][60]</sup> Following the announcement of the fourth-generation iPad, the previous generation was discontinued.
Alongside the launch of the 4th generation hardware, Apple announced the iPad Mini. With a screen measuring 7.9 inches, it is aimed at the emerging sector of smaller tablets such as the Kindle Fire and Nexus 7. The hardware of the new iPad Mini is similar to the iPad 2, with a 1024 by 768 pixel resolution screen and a dual core A5processor, but is 53% lighter and 7.2 mm thick. It was released on November 2, in 16 GB, 32 GB, and 64 GB capacities and WiFi or Wi‑Fi + Cellular versions.<sup>[60]</sup>
On October 22, 2013, Apple introduced the fifth generation of iPad, called the iPad Air, and the second generation of iPad Mini, called iPad Mini 2 that comes with a Retina Display. The iPad Air went on sale on November 1, 2013, starting at $499, while the iPad Mini 2 was released on November 12, 2013, starting at $399.
In October 2014, Apple released the iPad Air 2 and the iPad Mini 3. The iPad Air 2 is thinner and faster than its predecessor, the iPad Air, being available in gold color and featuring Touch ID although the design, height and screen size are the same as iPad Air .The iPad Mini 3 is similar than the iPad Mini 2 in terms of design and hardware, but also includes Touch ID and available in gold color.
== Hardware ==
=== Screen and input ===
The original iPad in its black case. For the iPad 2, Apple sells a Smart Cover rather than a case.
The iPad's (first two generations) touchscreen display is a 1,024 by 768 pixel, 7.75×5.82 in (197×148 mm) liquid-crystal display (diagonal 9.7 in (246.4 mm)), with fingerprint- and scratch-resistant glass. Steve Jobs said a 7-inch screen would be "too small to express the software" and that 10 inches was the minimum for a tablet screen.<sup>[61]</sup>Like the iPhone, the iPad is designed to be controlled by bare fingers; normal, non-conductive gloves and styli do not work,<sup>[62]</sup> although there are special gloves and capacitive styli designed for this use.<sup>[63][64]</sup>
The display responds to other sensors: an ambient light sensor to adjust screen brightness and a 3-axisaccelerometer to sense iPad orientation and switch between portrait and landscape modes. Unlike the iPhone and iPod Touch's built-in applications, which work in three orientations (portrait, landscape-left and landscape-right), the iPad's built-in applications support screen rotation in all four orientations, including upside-down. Consequently, the device has no intrinsic "native" orientation; only the relative position of the home button changes.<sup>[65]</sup>
There are four physical switches on the iPad, including a home button near the display that returns the user to the main menu, and three plastic physical switches on the sides: ''wake/sleep'' and ''volume up/down'', plus a software-controlled switch whose function has changed with software updates. Originally the switch locked the screen to its current orientation, but the iOS 4.2 changed it to a mute switch, with rotation lock now available in an onscreen menu.<sup>[66]</sup> In the iOS 4.3 update, released with the iPad 2, a setting was added to allow the user to specify whether the side switch was used for rotation lock or mute.<sup>[8]</sup>
The first generation iPad had no camera; the iPad 2 has a front VGA camera and a rear-facing 720p camera, both capable of still images (but these are only taken at a low quality 0.3 megapixels) and 30fps video. The rear-facing camera has a 5× digital zoom for still images only. Both shoot photo and video in a 4:3 fullscreen aspect ratio, unlike the iPhone 4, which shoots in a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. Unlike the iPhone, the iPad does not support tap to focus, but does allow a tap to set auto exposure.<sup>[67]</sup> The cameras allow FaceTime video messaging with iPhone 4, fourth generation iPod Touch, and Snow Leopard, Lion, and Mountain Lion Macs.<sup>[68]</sup>
=== Audio and output ===
The iPad has two internal speakers reproducing left and right channel audio located on the bottom-right of the unit. In the original iPad, the speakers push sound through two small sealed channels leading to the three audio ports carved into the device,<sup>[15]</sup> while the iPad 2 has its speakers behind a single grill.<sup>[11]</sup> A volume switch is on the right side of the unit. A 3.5-mm TRRS connector audio-out jack on the top-left corner of the device provides stereo sound for headphones with or without microphones and/or volume controls. The iPad also contains a microphone that can be used for voice recording.
The built-in Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR interface allows wireless headphones and keyboards to be used with the iPad.<sup>[69]</sup>However iOS does not currently support file transfer via Bluetooth.<sup>[70]</sup> iPad also features 1024×768 VGA video output for limited applications,<sup>[71]</sup> screen capture,<sup>[72]</sup> connecting an external display or television through an accessory adapter.
=== Battery ===
The iPad uses an internal rechargeable lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery. The batteries are made in Taiwan by Simplo Technology (60%) and Dynapack International Technology.<sup>[73]</sup> The iPad is designed to be charged with a high current of 2 amperes using the included 10 W USB power adapter and USB cord with a USB connector at one end and a 30-pin dock connector at the other end. While it can be charged by a standard USB port from a computer, these are limited to 500 milliamperes (0.5 amps). As a result, if the iPad is running while powered by a normal USB computer port, it may charge very slowly, or not at all. High-power USB ports found in newer Apple computers and accessories provide full charging capabilities.<sup>[74]</sup>
Apple claims that the battery for both generations of iPad can provide up to 10 hours of video, 140 hours of audio playback, or one month on standby. Like any rechargeable battery technology, the iPad's battery loses capacity over time, but is not designed to be user-replaceable. In a program similar to the battery-replacement program for the iPod and the original iPhone, Apple will replace an iPad that does not hold an electrical charge with a refurbished iPad for a fee of US$99 plus $6.95 shipping.<sup>[75][76]</sup> As a different unit is supplied, user data is not preserved. The refurbished unit will have a new case.<sup>[77]</sup> The warranty on the refurbished unit may vary between jurisdictions.
Independent companies also provide a battery replacement service, returning the original unit with new battery but original case. Alternatively it is possible for a technically competent user to buy and install a new battery. The task does not require soldering, but is technically challenging.<sup>[78]</sup>
=== Storage ===
The iPad model with data connectivity, unlike the Wi-Fi model, has a black plastic piece on the underside which allows cellular signals to pass through it.
The iPad was released with three capacity options for storage: 16, 32, or 64 GB of internal flash memory. On January 29, 2013, Apple announced a 128 GB model of the fourth generation iPad, which was released on February 5.<sup>[14]</sup> All data is stored on the internal flash memory, with no option to expand storage. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.<sup>[79]</sup>
=== Cellular connectivity ===
iPad models come in two basic variants: Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi with cellular support. The cellular variants however do not support circuit-switched voice calls and texts, only data connectivity. The side of the Wi-Fi + 3G iPad had amicro-SIM slot (not mini-SIM). The 3G iPad can be used with any compatible GSM carrier, unlike the iPhone, which is usually sold 'locked' to specific carriers.<sup>[80]</sup> On the first generations of the iPad in the U.S., data network access via T-Mobile's network was limited to slower EDGE cellular speeds because T-Mobile's 3G Network at the time used different frequencies.<sup>[81][82]</sup>
The iPad 2 introduced a third tier of models with CDMA support for Verizon Wireless in the United States, available separately from the AT&T capable version.<sup>[83]</sup>
The iPad up to the 4th generation uses a Micro-SIM, while the first generation iPad Mini uses a nano-SIM as introduced with the iPhone 5. The iPad mini is available with two different frequency bands worldwide. Both devices support the same quad-band GSM and quad-band UMTS frequencies, but one variant also supports LTE bands 4 and 17 (principally intended for use on the U.S. AT&T network), while the other adds support for LTEbands 1, 3, 5, 13, 25 and CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B.
The 5th generation iPad and 2nd generation iPad mini introduced support for many additional LTE bands worldwide. The iPad Air and Mini with Retina display cellular models come in two variants each, all of which support nano-SIMs, quad-band GSM, penta-band UMTS, and dual-band CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and B. Additionally, one variant of each iPad also supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25 and 26 while the other variant supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 20 and TD-LTE bands 38, 39 and 40. Apple's ability to handle many different bands in one device allowed it to offer, for the first time, a single iPad variant which supports all the cellular bands and technologies deployed by all the major North American wireless providers at the time of the device's introduction. Moreover, with T-Mobile USA selling the iPad Air and Mini with Retina display, these models became the first iPads that were made available for purchase directly from all four nation-wide U.S. wireless carriers (and, as previously indicated, with all U.S. carriers now selling the same hardware variant of the device).
=== Accessories ===
Main article: iPad accessories
Apple offers several iPad accessories,<sup>[84]</sup> most of which are adapters for the proprietary 30-pin dock connector, the iPad's only port besides the headphone jack.<sup>[8]</sup> A dock holds the iPad upright at an angle, and has a dock connector and audio line out port. Each generation of iPad requires a corresponding dock. A dock that included a physical keyboard was only supported for the original iPad,<sup>[85]</sup> but all generations are compatible with Bluetooth keyboards that also work with Macs and PCs. The iPad can be charged by a standalone power adapter ("wall charger") also used for iPods and iPhones, and a 10 W charger is included with the iPad.
Apple sells a camera connection kit that consists of two separate adapters for the dock connector, one to USBType A, the other an SD card reader. Adapter can be used to transfer photos and videos and to plug USB audio card or MIDI keyboard.<sup>[86]</sup> A third party sells an adapter that includes USB, SD, and microSD on a single unit.<sup>[87]</sup>An adapter to VGA connectors allows the iPad to work with external monitors and projectors. Another adapter mirrors the screen onto HDMI compatible devices in 1080p and works with all apps and rotations. Unlike other adapters, it allows the iPad to charge through another dock connector.<sup>[88]</sup> While the HDMI adapter was released with and advertised for theiPad 2, it also works with the first-generation iPad, the iPhone 4, and the fourth generation iPod Touch.<sup>[89]</sup>
A Smart Cover can be used as a stand for the iPad 2 while the display is in use.
Smart Covers are screen protectors that magnetically attach and align to the face of the iPad 2, 3, or 4. The cover has three folds which allow it to convert into a stand, which is also held together by magnets.<sup>[90]</sup> While original iPad owners could purchase a black case that included a similarly folding cover, the Smart Cover is meant to be more minimal, easily detachable, and protects only the screen. Smart Covers have a microfiber bottom that cleans the front of the iPad, which wakes up when the cover is removed. There are five different colors of both polyurethane and leather, with leather being more expensive. Smart Covers are not compatible with the original iPad.<sup>[91]</sup> In June 2012, Apple started selling the Smart Case - a case with the combined function of a smart cover and a back protection case which is compatible with the iPad 2, and iPad 3rd & 4th generation devices.<sup>[92]</sup>
== Software ==
Like the iPhone, with which it shares a development environment<sup>[93]</sup> the iPad only runs its own software, software downloaded from Apple's App Store, and software written by developers who have paid for a developer's license on registered devices.<sup>[94][''not in citation given'']</sup> The iPad runs almost all third-party iPhone applications, displaying them at iPhone size or enlarging them to fill the iPad's screen.<sup>[95]</sup> Developers may also create or modify apps to take advantage of the iPad's features.<sup>[96]</sup>Application developers use iOS SDK for developing applications for iPad.<sup>[97]</sup> The iPad originally shipped with a customized iPad-only version of iPhone OS, dubbed v3.2. On September 1, it was announced the iPad would get iOS 4.2 by November 2010;<sup>[98]</sup>to fulfill this Apple released iOS 4.2.1 to the public on November 22.<sup>[99]</sup>
=== Interface ===
The interface is centred around the home screen, a graphical list of available applications. The home screen can be accessed at any time by a hardware button below the screen, closing an open application in the process.<sup>[100]</sup>
Users can also add and delete icons from the dock, which is the same on every home screen. Each home screen holds up to sixteen icons, and the dock holds up to four icons. Users can delete Web Clips and third-party applications at any time, and may select only certain applications for transfer from iTunes. Apple's default programs, however, may not be removed.
Almost all input is given through the touch screen, which understands complex gestures using multi-touch. The iPad'sinteraction techniques enable the user to move the content up or down by a touch-drag motion of the finger. For example, zooming in and out of web pages and photos is done by placing two fingers on the screen and spreading them farther apart or bringing them closer together, a gesture known as "pinching".
Scrolling through a long list or menu is achieved by sliding a finger over the display from bottom to top, or vice versa to go back. In either case, the list moves as if it is pasted on the outer surface of a wheel, slowly decelerating as if affected by friction. In this way, the interface simulates the physics of a real object.
Other user-centered interactive effects include horizontally sliding sub-selection, the vertically sliding keyboard and bookmarks menu, and widgets that turn around to allow settings to be configured on the other side. Menu bars are found at the top and bottom of the screen when necessary. Their options vary by program, but always follow a consistent style motif. In menu hierarchies, a "back" button in the top-left corner of the screen displays the name of the parent folder.
=== Multimedia ===
The layout of the music library is similar to that of an iPod or current Symbian S60 phones. The iPad can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audiobooks, and compilations. Options are always presented alphabetically, except in playlists, which retain their order from iTunes. The iPhone uses a large font that allows users plenty of room to touch their selection.
Users can rotate their device horizontally to landscape mode to access Cover Flow. Like on iTunes, this feature shows the different album covers in a scroll-through photo library. Scrolling is achieved by swiping a finger across the screen. Alternatively, headset controls can be used to pause, play, skip, and repeat tracks.
The iPad supports gapless playback.<sup>[101]</sup> Like the fifth-generation iPods introduced in 2005, the iPad can play digital video, allowing users to watch TV shows and movies in widescreen. Double-tapping switches between widescreen and fullscreenvideo playback.
The iPad allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes Store directly to their iPad. It includes software that allows the user to upload, view, and email photos taken with the camera. The user zooms in and out of photos by sliding two fingers further apart or closer together, much like Safari. The Camera application also lets users view the camera roll, the pictures that have been taken with the iPad's camera. Those pictures are also available in the Photos application, along with any transferred from iPhoto or Aperture on a Mac, or Photoshop on a Windows PC.[[Flocc:Spearctellendas]]
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