Toscead betweox fadungum "Þeodscland"

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Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
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الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام‎
|+<big>'''Deutschland'''</big>
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām
| align="center" colspan="2"|
Participant in the Iraq War (2003–2011), Iraqi insurgency, Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War, Second Libyan Civil War, Boko Haram insurgency, War in North-West Pakistan, War in Afghanistan, Yemeni Civil War, and other conflicts
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
| width="130px"| [[Biliþ:Flag of Germany.svg|125px|Fana Þēodisclandes]] || align=center width=130px| [[Biliþ:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|100px|Germany: Scild]]
|-
| width="130px"| ([[Fana Þēodisclandes|Fana]])
| align=center width=130px| ([[Federal Coat of Arms of Germany|Scild]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Getalu þēodlicra antefna|Þēodlic antefn]]: [[Das Lied der Deutschen]]<br />3de līne (''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit'')
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background:#f9f9f9;" | [[Biliþ:LocationGermany.png|Steall Þēodisclandes]]
|-
|'''[[Ambihtlicu sprǣc]]''' || [[Þēodisc sprǣc|Þēodisc]]<sup>1</sup>
|-
|'''[[Hēafod]]''' || [[Berlin]]
|-
|'''Mǣste Burg''' || [[Berlin]]
|-
|'''[[Cancelor Þēodisclandes|Cancelor]]''' || [[Angela Merkel]]
|-
|'''[[Foresittend Þēodisclandes|Foresittend]]''' || [[Joachim Gauck]]
|-
|'''[[Mearc]]'''<br />- Getæl<br />- % wæter
|[[Getalu landa be mearca|Grād 61a]]<br />[[1 E11 m2|349,223 km²]] <br />2.416%
|-
|'''[[Lēodrǣden]]'''<br />- [[Of 2006|2006 eahtung]] est<br />- [[Lēodrǣdenne þiccnes|Þiccnes]]
|[[Getalu landa be lēodrǣdenne|Grād 14a]]<br />82,310,000 [http://www.destatis.de/indicators/e/vgr910ae.htm]<br />242/km²
|-
|'''Formation<br />Geānlǣcung/Edgeānlǣcung<br /><br /><br />'''
|[[Foreweard Verdunes]] ([[843]])<br />[[18 Æfterra Gēola]] [[1871]]<br />[[23 Þrimilcemōnaþ]] [[1949]] <br />[[3 Winterfylleþ]] [[1990]]
|-
|'''[[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]'''<br /> - Gerīm ([[2003]])<br /> - GDP/hēafde
|| [[List of countries by GDP|Grād 5ta]]<br />$2.522 trillionena<br />$30,579
|-
|'''[[Feoh]]''' || [[Euro]] (€)<sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''[[Tīdgyrtel]]'''<br />- in [[Europisc Summortīd|summor]]
| [[Central European Time|CET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1)<br />[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2)
|-
| '''[[Top-level domain|Betwuxnettes TLD]]''' || [[.de]]
|-
| '''[[List of country calling codes|Sprecungrīm]]''' || +49
|-
|colspan="2"| <small>
<sup>1</sup> [[Denisc sprǣc|Denisc]], [[Niðerlicu Þēodisc sprǣc|Niðerlic Þēodisc]], [[Sorbisc sprǣc|Sorbisc]], [[Romany sprǣc|Romany]] and [[Fresisc sprǣc|Fresisc]] sind ambihtlīce cūðe and gewealdod swā lȳtelsprǣca under þǣm [[Europisc Carte for Regional or Minority Languages|ECRML]].<br />
<sup>2</sup> Ǣr [[1999]]: [[Þēodisc Marc]].</small>
|}
Sēo '''Gebundene Cynewīse Þēodisclandes''' (and '''Germanie''') ([[Þēodisc sprǣc|Germanisc]]: ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'') is ān þāra woruldlǣdendra lēodarīce.
 
Primary target of Operation Inherent Resolve and of the military intervention against ISIL: in Syria, Iraq, Libya, and Nigeria.
== Stǣr ==
Black Standard[1]
Black Standard[1]
Active
1999 – present
Established under the name of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad: 1999
Joined al-Qaeda: October 2004
Declaration of an Islamic state in Iraq: 13 October 2006
Claim of territory in the Levant: 8 April 2013
Separated from al-Qaeda:[2][3] 3 February 2014[4]
Declaration of caliphate: 29 June 2014* Claim of territory in: Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: 13 November 2014** South Asia: 29 January 2015[5]** Nigeria: 12 March 2015[6][7]** North Caucasus: 23 June 2015[8]
Recapture of Mosul by Iraqi forces: 9 July 2017
Ideology Caliphatism
Salafism,[9][10][11]
Salafi jihadism,[11][12]
Wahhabism[12][13]
Anti-Zionism[14][15]
Antisemitism[16][17][18][19]
Groups
Libyan Province
Sinai Province
Yemen Province
Algerian Province
Khorasan Province
West Africa Province
Caucasus Province
Somalia Province
Leaders
Leader: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi[20]
Deputy leader in Iraq: Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi[21]
Deputy leader in Syria: Abu Ali al-Anbari †[22][23]
Deputy leader in Libya: Abdel Baqer Al-Najdi[24]
Military chief: Abu Saleh al-Obaidi[25]
Head of the Shura Council: Abu Arkan al-Ameri[26]
Chief spokesperson: Abu Mohammad al-Adnani †[27][28][29][30][31]
Chief of Syrian military operations: Abu Omar al-Shishani † (presumed)[28][32][33][34][35]
Minister of War: Gulmurod Khalimov [36]
Minister of Information: Wa’il Adil Hasan Salman al-Fayad †[37]
Spokesman: Abul-Hasan Al-Muhajir (foreign fighter)
Headquarters
Baqubah, Iraq (2006–2013)
Raqqa, Syria (2013–2017)
Mayadin, Syria (2017–present) (de facto capital)[38]
Area of operations Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese insurgencies.png
Areas of control as of September 9, 2017, in the Iraqi, Syrian, and Lebanese conflicts
Map legend
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Iraqi government
Syrian government
Lebanese government
Iraqi Kurdistan forces
Syrian Kurdistan forces
Syrian opposition forces
Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)
Hezbollah
Note: Iraq and Syria contain large desert areas with sparse populations. These areas are mapped as under the control of forces holding roads and towns within them.
Detailed maps
Detailed map of the Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese conflicts
Detailed map of the Libyan Civil War
Detailed map of the Sinai insurgency
Detailed map of the Nigerian insurgency
Detailed map of the Yemeni Civil War
Detailed map of the Taliban insurgency
Size
List of combatant numbers
Inside Syria and Iraq:
200,000[39] (Kurdish claim in 2014)
100,000[40] (Jihadist claim in 2015)
20,000–31,000[41] (CIA estimate in 2014)
19,000–25,000[42][43] (CIA estimate in early 2016)
15,000–20,000 (Estimate given by US officials in late 2016)[44]
Outside Syria and Iraq: 32,600–57,900 (See Military of ISIL for more detailed estimates.)
Estimated total: 47,600–257,900
Civilian population
In 2015 (near max extend) :
6 million[45]
Originated as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999)[46]
Opponents
State opponents
 
France
=== [[Hālig Rōmānisc Rīce]] ===
Iran
[[Biliþ:Balduineum Wahl Heinrich VII.jpg|thumbnail|left|Cyre-Ðeodnas]]
Iraq
Lebanon
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Turkey
United Kingdom
 
=== Þēodisc Rīce ===
 
Barack Hussein Obama II
=== Weimar Republic ===
August 4, 1961 (age 56)
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Michelle Robinson (m. 1992)
Children
Malia Sasha
Parents
Barack Obama Sr.
Ann Dunham
Relatives See Family of Barack Obama
Education
Occidental College (transferred)
Columbia University (BA)
Harvard University (JD)
Awards Nobel Peace Prize (2009)
Profile in Courage Award (2017)
Signature
Website
Office of Barack and Michelle Obama
Obama Foundation
Organizing for Action
White House Archives (Archived)
Obama was born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state. Raised largely in Hawaii, Obama also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U.S. Senate. Obama received national attention in 2004, with his unexpected March primary win, his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began, and after a close primary campaign against Hillary Clinton. He was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
 
During his first two years in office, Obama signed many landmark bills. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (often referred to as "Obamacare", shortened as the "Affordable Care Act", or abbreviated as the ACA), the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 served as economic stimulus amidst the Great Recession, but the GOP regained control of the House of Representatives in 2011. After a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the United States–Russia New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, and the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.
=== Scēadung and Edgefēgung ===
 
Kim Jong-un (Chosŏn'gŭl: 김정은; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dʑʌŋ.ɯn] or [kim] [tɕʌŋ.ɯn]; born 8 January 1982–84 or 5 July 1984)[4] is the Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly referred to as North Korea. Kim is the second child of Kim Jong-il (1941–2011) and Ko Yong-hui.[7] Before taking power, Kim was rarely seen in public, and many of the activities of Kim and his government remain unknown.[8] Even details such as what year he was born, and whether he did indeed attend a Western school under a pseudonym, are difficult to confirm.
== Ūtanwearde bendas ==
{{Commons|Germany}}
* [http://www.deutschland.de/home.php?lang=2 Deutschland.de] — Ambihtlic Þēodisc geat
* [http://www.dw-world.de Deutsche Welle] — Þēodisclandes ellandum brādweorpere, 30 sprǣca webbstede
 
Kim Jong-un
{{Land on Europan}}
김정은
 
Kim Jong-Un.png
[[Flocc:Europisc Samnung gegieldanrīcu]]
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea[a]
Incumbent
Assumed office
9 May 2016
First Secretary (11 April 2012 – 9 May 2016)
Hierarchy
Members of Politburo Standing Committee
1. Himself
2. Kim Yong-nam
3. Hwang Pyong-so
4. Pak Pong-ju
5. Choe Ryong-hae
Preceded by Kim Jong-il (as General Secretary)
Chairman of the State Affairs Commission
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 June 2016
First Chairman (13 April 2012 – 30 June 2016)
Deputy Hwang Pyong-so
Choe Ryong-hae
Pak Pong-ju
Preceded by Himself (as Chairman of the National Defence Commission)
Supreme Commander of the
Korean People's Army
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 December 2011
Supreme leader since 28 December 2011[1]
Preceded by Kim Jong-il
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
Incumbent
Assumed office
11 April 2012
Acting: 17 December 2011 – 11 April 2012
Deputy Choe Ryong-hae
Ri Yong-ho
Preceded by Kim Jong-il
Deputy to the
13th Supreme People's Assembly
Incumbent
Assumed office
9 April 2014
Constituency 111th Paektusan
First Chairman of the
National Defence Commission
In office
13 April 2012 – 29 June 2016
Deputy Kim Yong-chun
Ri Yong-mu
O Kuk-ryol
Preceded by Kim Jong-il (as Chairman)
Succeeded by Himself (as Chairman of the State Affairs Commission)
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
In office
28 September 2010 – 11 April 2012
Serving with Ri Yong-ho
Leader Kim Jong-il
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Choe Ryong-hae
Ri Yong-ho
Personal details
Born 8 January 1982 (age 35)
(North Korean records)
8 January 1983 (age 34)
(South Korean records)[2]
8 January 1984 (age 33)
(American records)[3][4]
5 July 1984 (age 33)
(Swiss records)[5]
Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Nationality North Korean
Spouse(s) Ri Sol-ju
Children Speculative. See text for info.
Parents
Kim Jong-il
Ko Yong-hui
Alma mater Kim Il-sung University
Kim Il-sung Military University
Signature
Military service
Allegiance North Korea
Years of service 2010–present
Rank Marshal of the DPRK rank insignia.svg Marshal of the Republic[b]
Commands Supreme Commander
Kim Jong-un
Chosŏn'gŭl 김정은
Hancha 金正恩[6]