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The "wynn" rune is a Functionally Redundant, Easily Mistaken (for "p" or "thorn"), Purely Symbolic Enigma which Unnecessarily Raises the Learning Threshold for Old English. Tag: Undo |
ly Williamclayton, please read my message on your mōtung page Tag: Undo |
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Líne 2:
:''For information on typing, see [[Help:Innung#Typing]]''
Gif þē is nīed, brūc þā stafas: ǣ æ ā ē ī ō ū ȳ þ ð ƿ oþþe Ǣ Æ Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ȳ Þ Ð Ƿ in þīnum
When writing, use the early West Saxon spellings:
#Use ''ie'' instead of ''y'' (thus ''
#Use ''an'' instead of ''on'' (thus ''and'' instead of ''ond'', ''mann'' instead of ''monn'', etc.)
Líne 33:
#Punctuate sentences as you normally would, i.e. a period for sentences, question mark for questions, and exclamation mark for imperatives/commands.
#For subordinate clauses, separate them from the main clause by a comma, e.g. "Ic cann secgan, þæt hē is mīn brōðor." Or, "Þes is sē mōnaþ, þe
#In series, place commas after each word, including one before 'and' (mōdor, fæder, and sweostor).
Líne 57:
Long-stemmed monosyllables: end with either a long vowel and one consonant or a short vowel and two consonants, e.g. hand, cniht, fōt, tōþ.
Short-stemmed disyllables: end with a short vowel, then one consonant, then another short vowel, then one consonant, e.g. metod,
Long-stemmed disyllables: end with the same pattern as above (e.g. vowel, consonant cluster, vowel, consonant cluster) but ''must'' have at least one long vowel or one cluster of two consonants, e.g. engel, habban,
===Verbs===
The verb is conjugated as follows: ic (stem)-e, þu (stem)-est, hē (stem)-eþ/aþ,
#Strong Verbs: ic -e, þu -(e)st, hē -(e)þ,
--The () means the ''e'' of the ending can be syncopated if the ending is still understandable. Bisen: stendeþ hē, ne stent hē, ac nimþ hē, ne nimeþ hē. Understendest þu?
Líne 90:
<td>ic</td>
<td>nerie</td>
<td>
<td>neriaþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 122:
<td>ic</td>
<td>nerie</td>
<td>
<td>nerien</td>
</tr>
Líne 154:
<td>ic</td>
<td>nerede</td>
<td>
<td>neredon</td>
</tr>
Líne 186:
<td>ic</td>
<td>nerede</td>
<td>
<td>nereden</td>
</tr>
Líne 266:
<td>ic</td>
<td>fremme</td>
<td>
<td>fremmaþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 298:
<td>ic</td>
<td>fremme</td>
<td>
<td>fremmen</td>
</tr>
Líne 330:
<td>ic</td>
<td>fremede</td>
<td>
<td>fremedon</td>
</tr>
Líne 362:
<td>ic</td>
<td>fremede</td>
<td>
<td>fremeden</td>
</tr>
Líne 442:
<td>ic</td>
<td>sette</td>
<td>
<td>settaþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 474:
<td>ic</td>
<td>sette</td>
<td>
<td>setten</td>
</tr>
Líne 506:
<td>ic</td>
<td>sette</td>
<td>
<td>setton</td>
</tr>
Líne 538:
<td>ic</td>
<td>sette</td>
<td>
<td>setten</td>
</tr>
Líne 611:
*Verbs ending in -rian and with doubled consonants drop the -i- or doubled consonant in the same positions: 2nd/3rd person singular, imperative singular, and throughout the past tense.
*Verbs like settan (ātreddan, cnyttan, hreddan,
=====Type 1b=====
Verbs with stems ending in more than one consonant (not a doubled consonant) or with a long vowel and one consonant.
Infinitive Forms: dēman, hyngran, drencan,
#Note how the infinitive ending is always -an.
Líne 634:
<td>ic</td>
<td>dēme</td>
<td>
<td>dēmaþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 666:
<td>ic</td>
<td>dēme</td>
<td>
<td>dēmen</td>
</tr>
Líne 698:
<td>ic</td>
<td>dēmde</td>
<td>
<td>dēmdon</td>
</tr>
Líne 730:
<td>ic</td>
<td>dēmde</td>
<td>
<td>dēmden</td>
</tr>
Líne 810:
<td>ic</td>
<td>drence</td>
<td>
<td>drencaþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 842:
<td>ic</td>
<td>drence</td>
<td>
<td>drencen</td>
</tr>
Líne 874:
<td>ic</td>
<td>drencte</td>
<td>
<td>drencton</td>
</tr>
Líne 906:
<td>ic</td>
<td>drencte</td>
<td>
<td>drencten</td>
</tr>
Líne 986:
<td>ic</td>
<td>hyngre</td>
<td>
<td>hyngraþ</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,018:
<td>ic</td>
<td>hyngre</td>
<td>
<td>hyngren</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,050:
<td>ic</td>
<td>hyngrede</td>
<td>
<td>hyngredon</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,082:
<td>ic</td>
<td>hyngrede</td>
<td>
<td>hyngreden</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,145:
And one last type,
<table border="0" cellspacing="15">
Líne 1,152:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Present Indicative:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,162:
<tr>
<td>ic</td>
<td>
<td>
<td>
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,170:
<td>gierest</td>
<td>gē</td>
<td>
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,176:
<td>giereþ</td>
<td>hīe</td>
<td>
</tr>
</table>
Líne 1,184:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Present Subjunctive:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,194:
<tr>
<td>ic</td>
<td>
<td>
<td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>þu</td>
<td>
<td>gē</td>
<td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hē, hēo, hit</td>
<td>
<td>hīe</td>
<td>
</tr>
</table>
Líne 1,216:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Past Indicative:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,227:
<td>ic</td>
<td>gierede</td>
<td>
<td>gieredon</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,248:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Past Subjunctive:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,259:
<td>ic</td>
<td>gierede</td>
<td>
<td>giereden</td>
</tr>
Líne 1,281:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Imperative:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,293:
<td>giere</td>
<td>(gē)</td>
<td>
</tr>
</table>
Líne 1,301:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<th style="background:#afefef;" colspan="5">'''Weak Verb 1b Participles:
</tr>
<tr>
Líne 1,310:
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>
<td>
</tr>
</table>
Líne 1,324:
=====Notes: Weak Verb 1b=====
*See notes on Weak Verb 1a for formation of the different forms of the verb.
*The most 'regular' 1b verbs are those like dēman (long vowel, 1 consonant) and hyngran (short vowel, multiple consonants), in that they don't have much variation in formation like drencan and
*Verbs having a long vowel and one consonant, like '''dēman''', don't generally have the full -est, -eþ endings. Thus, the imperative is simply the þu form without -st (dēm!, not dēme!).
*Verbs like dēman include verbs ending in -rn, -ng, -rg, -lg,
*Verbs like drencan include those ending in -nc, -sc, -p, -sp, -t, -rp. They add -te in the past tense (
*Verbs like hyngran, with a short vowel and multiple consonants, are more 'regular' than other 1b verbs. Their past tense is always -ede, and the past participle is always ge-(stem)-ed (bīecnede, þrysmede, symblede, ræfnede).
*Verbs like
===Weak Verb 2===
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