Toscead betweox fadungum "Cuscan Rīce"

 

 

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==Fruman==

 

The Yuezhi reached þæt Crecisc rice [[Greco-Bactria]], in þǣm [[Bactrian]] landscipe (norðernmest Afghanistan and Uzbekistan) ymbe [[135 BC|135&nbsp;BCE]], and displaced the Crecisc dynasties there, who resettled in Indus basin (in present day Pacistan) in the westdæl þæs [[Indocrecisc Rice|Indocreciscan Rices]].

 

==A multi-cultural Empire==

 

Gradually wresting control of the area from the [[Indo-Scythians|Scythian]] tribes, the Kushans expanded south into the region traditionally known as [[Gandhara]] (An area lying primarily in Pakistan's Pothowar, and NWFP region but going in an arc to include Kabul valley and part of Qandahar in Afghanistan) and established twin capitals near present-day [[Kabul]] and [[Peshawar]] then known as Kapisa and Pushklavati respectively.

From the time of Wima Takto, Kushans started adopting the Indian culture like the other nomadic groups who invaded India. The first great Kushan emperor Wima Kadphises seems to have embraced [[Saivism]], as indicated by his coins. The following Kushan emperors represented a wide variety of Indian and Central Asian deities, as well as the Buddha.

 

 

===Heraios===

 

===Kanishka I===

 

The rule of [[Kanishka|Kanishka I]], the second great Kushan emperor, fifth Kushan king, who flourished for at least 28 years from c.&nbsp;[[127]], was administered from two capitals: Purushapura (now [[Peshawar]] in northern Pakistan) and [[Mathura]], in northern India. The Kushans also had a summer capital in [[Bagram]] (then known as Kapisa), where the "[[Bagram|Begram Treasure]]", comprising works of art from Greece to China, has been found. According to the Rabatak inscription, Kanishka was the son of Vima Kadphises, the grandson of Vima Taktu, and the great-grandson of Kujula Kadphises. Kanishka's ruling period is disputed, which will affects the ruling period of other rulers as well, since accession of Kanishka was believed to be in c.&nbsp;[[78]], which is believed to be the basis of official [[Saka]] calendar of India.

[[Image: BegramGladiator.JPG|thumb|180px|A Greco-Roman gladiator on a glass vessel, [[Begram]], 2nd century.]]

 

"Reges Bactrianorum legatos ad eum, amicitiae petendae causa, supplices miserunt" ("The kings of the Bactrians sent supplicant ambassadors to him, begging for his friendship").

 

[[Image:Lokaksema.jpg|thumb|170px|The Kushan Buddhist monk [[Lokaksema]], first translator of Buddhist scriptures into [[Chinese language|Chinese]].]]

 

Later, around [[116|116&nbsp;CE]], the Kushans under [[Kanishka]] established a kingdom centered on [[Kashgar]], also taking control of [[Khotan]] and [[Yarkand]], which were Chinese dependencies in the [[Tarim Basin]], modern [[Xinjiang]]. They introduced the [[Brahmi]] script, the Indian [[Prakrit]] language for administration, and expanded the influence of [[Greco-Buddhist art]] which developed into [[Serindian art]].

 

 

Following these interactions, cultural exhanges further increased, and Kushan Buddhist missionaries, such as [[Lokaksema]], became active in the Chinese capital cities of [[Loyang]] and sometimes [[Nanjing]], where they particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work. They were the first recorded promoters of Hinayana and Mahayana scriptures in China, greatly contributing to the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism]].

 

==Undergang==

 

From the [[3rd century]] the Kushan empire began to fragment.

 

 

Around [[270]], the Kushans lost their territories on the Gangetic plain, where the [[Gupta Empire]] was established around [[320]].

Þā lāfa þæs Cuscan rīces wǣron forloren in [[5th gēarhundred]] mid þǣre infare þāra [[Hwīte Hunnan|Hwītra Hunnena]] and [[Islam]]iscan þungennesse.

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